Huamanchumo Ofelia De La Cuba
This article was written by Ofelia Huamanchumo of Cuba, Profession: Philologist in his blog "COFFEE WITH LETTER" published in blogspot (Note: This article was published in the Journal Sieteculebras Andean Culture, Nr 18 (July-September 2004), 36-39 ..) was born in 1971 in Lima, Peru. Where he grew up and lived. At thirty he moved to Bayern-Munchen, Germany, where he now resides, engaged in academic research and the theater in English. Here, Ofelia sees the ancestral origins of the name "Huamanchumo", allowing a glimpse of the historical part of it. Be of great importance to the descendants of Guaman-Chumun and for those studying this important part of Peruvian identity, re-edited here, without modification, the full article has much more value because it was written by a descendant Huamanchumo.Más Later, go deeper on the subject, extending the useful information provided by Ophelia in her blog.
Chan-Chan Freizes
surname and identity in Peru
The proper names discipline in charge of the study of proper names, is not widespread in the Peruvian space about Anthroponymy - names own people - are concerned. He therefore considered appropriate to arouse interest in this interesting field of research through the presentation of the analysis of a Peruvian anthroponym, taking into account that some contributions could be valuable to complement the discussion on the role of languages \u200b\u200bin the construction of nacionales.El name identities to analyze, central to this article is a clear pre-Hispanic surname, chosen not only for obvious personal reasons but also because it is a name around which there is significant documentation, as is the case with many other surnames in Peru, whose origins and linguistic transformations lend themselves a serious investigation.
In the light of a specific example: 'Huamanchumo'.
First, there is a concrete fact: the surname Huamanchumo a proper name is now rare, with most Peruvian families by descent takes Trujillo, especially native coastal district of Huanchaco. This information facilitates the beginning of the literature review, it puts us in the area where the pre-Hispanic archaeological remains of the citadel of Chan-Chan.Se know that many of the chroniclers of the sixteenth and seventeenth concurred that on the current City Trujillo, on the north coast of Peru, there was the 'Kingdom Chimu', to exercise dominion from its capital Chan Chan. For example, Pedro Cieza de Leon writes, "Chimo valley, wide and very large, and where is built the city of Trujillo. Have some Indians that formerly, before the Inkas they had dominion, in this valley was a powerful lord who was named Chimo, as the valley is named agora ... "(1985 [1553]: 278), while Miguel Cabello Valboa states:" ... and the Indians Yungas (which ansi call those who live in lowlands and plains of the Piru) because in the valley Chimo was a contender of his importunate Disini called Chimo Capac ... "(1951 [1586]: 319) and Inca Garcilaso de la Vega:" ... a great man named Chimu, who was lord of the valleys there past the canyon to the city called Trujillo "(1980b [1609]: 183). On the other hand, most modern studies, Eugen F. Mayer mentioned names found in various maps referred to the place in question: "Candia [1535], Field [1536], Chimo [1572], Chanchan [1620] Cymor [1644], Chanchan [1763] and others. "(1982:3). Thanks also to research conducted by Ernst W. Middendorf is considered as the most successful point out that the modern city of Trujillo was wearing that name, Chimu, as in the town of Eten - the only population that until the early twentieth century retained their old native tongue is still called the city Chimorr Trujillo, "where the word is formed Chimu due to neglect of the English pronunciation" (1959: 122). On the origins of that kingdom Chimu knows what one author stopped in his Chronicle of 1604-1610 Limited , which contains a list of names of some rulers: "1 Tacaynamo2 ° Guacri Caur (son of Tacaynamo) 3 ° Nañcenpinco (son of Guacri Caur) 4 °, 5 °, 6 °, 7, 8, 9 and 10 ° (cited unnamed ruler) 11 ° Minchancaman (Inca invasion occurs) 12 ° Chumun Caur (Michancaman and Chanquirguanguan son, mother, daughter TOPACE Yupanqui) 13 ° Guaman Chumu Chumun caur ("... this tube a son named Guaman Chumu ... " / does the English Invasion) 14 ° Ancocoyuch ("... what happened Ancocoyuch, his son ...") CIMCIM 15 ° box (brother of the above, also Martin Box CIMCIM) .16 °, 17 °, 18 °, 19 °, 20 ° colonial Chiefs (no se da nombres).21° Antonio Chayguar (1604) (“Don Antonio Chayguar que oy vive y es cacique deste valle de Chimor” ). ” (Kauffmann Doig 1979: 438)Cabe resaltar que se señalan los primeros tres gobernantes sobre una base mítica. Luego sigue un vacío de información, entre el cuarto y el décimo descendiente, explicable por el afán de procesar la información de datos míticos a datos que resultan ya verídicos, en tanto se basan en la memoria viva de quienes lo narraron al cronista durante la primera década del siglo XVII, fecha en que se registran los datos. Del mismo modo, se explica que Chumun Caur no sea bautizado con el apelativo real de Inca, pues su parentesco con la cultura dominante Inca was the mother. To this sum should be Chanquirguanguan illegitimate daughter of the Inca Tupac Yupanqui, and that she had the nickname of Palla, but his name should correspond to the province where it was natural to her mother or mistress of the king. This follows from the explanations of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1980a: 68) in this regard, which adds: "They gave names and rename the descendants of the royal blood line of man, and missing this line, although the mother was a relative of the King, who often gave their kings relatives of women with big bastard lords over his sons and daughters did not take the surnames of royal blood and were called Incas or Pallas, but the surname of their fathers, because of the female offspring would not listen to the Incas. "(69) Moreover, it was possible to explain the persistence of Chimu dynasty tolerance not only by Inca, but because the policy English also ruled many laws that allow some preservation of the benefits of great lords of the Hispanic cultures, who will be registered under a legal classification as appropriate, as is the case of the 'Chiefs', "J. Law Oygan audiences in justice to the Indians on Cacicazgos.D. Felipe II and Princess Governor in Valladolid to 26 February 1557.Algunos were natives of the Indies at the time of his infidelity Chieftains, and Lords of Peoples, and that after his conversion to our Holy Catholic Faith, is just to retain their rights, and have come to our obedience does not make them a worse state: Hearings sent to our camp, that if these Chieftains, or descendants of the first Principal, desiring to happen in that kind of Lordship, or Chiefdom, and they ask that justice be the making, calls, and after hearing the parties whom he touches with brevedad.Ley all vj. The Chiefs are not Mestizos, and if they were to be some removidos.D. Philip II in Madrid to January and 5 March that the Mestizos 1576.Mandamos Chieftains can not be, and if any one event, are then removed from the Chiefdoms, and that these be given to Indians in the way statues. "(King Charles II 1943 [1791]: 246) In addition to this, a factor for the conservation of anthroponyms of Chiefs, their descendants and the Indians of their divisions will be the fact that English economic policy demanded records to ensure control of their colonies: "And thus declared that accrued pay, make a book of peoples and settlers and tributes ansi indicated, [...] that the tribute to ansi tassacion hizieren, dexen in each village which in the play, signed their names to the Chief or principal such people. (Excerpt from the provision which states the order is to be taken in tassaciones Hazer to be divisions in Indian-year 1551). "(Lafaye, 1999: 176-177)
In around the name of the Cacique 'Guaman Chumu. " According
W. Ernst Middendorf, the Chimu spoke a language - perhaps call them 'Muchik' or Moche language - other than the official language of the Inca and Aymara, both in pronunciation of many consonants and vowels, as well as grammatical structures, morphology and syntax, the English, following the Inca tradition, parents 'Chimu', but do not know if it was the valley, or its inhabitants or the real or curaca pesonajes who ruled when they were attacked by the Incas. (1959: 122). On the other hand, Cerrón Palomino says that existed between the Chimu other tongues as the quingman, totally divorced from the Moche (1995). The nature of the words the name of the Cacique 'Guaman Chumu' are some hypotheses, based on the idea that is made - if we respect the way as written in the Chronicle Limited ... - Two words: 'Guaman' and 'Chumu'. The first term is up, if you follow the English pronunciation, two syllables: 'guide' and 'man'. The syllable 'Guide' forms anthroponyms as many rune-similar toponyms recorded by English chroniclers. For example, Hair Valboa type 'Yaguarguaca', 'Huascar', 'Mamaguaco' and 'Guanacauri' (1951 [1586]) as well as appointing Sarmiento de Gamboa 'Yaguar Guaca', 'Huascar', 'Mama Guaco' and 'Guanacancha' (1942 [1572]), also the father Acosta recorded 'Yaguarguaque', 'Huascar Inca' (1962 [1590]), and appointing Betanzos 'Mama Guaco' and 'Guanacaure' (1987 [1551]), without But the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega register the same names to consider correct spelling: 'Yahuar Huacac', 'Huascar', 'Mama Ocllo Huaco' and 'Huanacauri' (1980 [1609]) and explains in his Royal Commentaries, "The name 'guano' has the task of writing 'guano', because, as before said, no letter 'g' that general language of Peru means manure ... Deste step and many others that we target, one can learn how bad the English understand that language, and even the mestizos, my compatriots, are already behind them in pronunciation and writing, almost all jurisdictions that I write this my language yours are Hispanicized, such as write and speak English, and I've fought about it ... ' (1980b: 174) The same Inca Garcilaso de la Vega mentioned already the name 'huaman', referring to a kind of bird: "There are many raleas hawks, some are similar to those here and others do not call them common Indians 'huaman' "(1980c: 121)," ... and as many falcons, of which to be so cute, have brought many to Spain, and they are called 'fins' and Peru 'huaman' " (170). This leads us to conclude that the word 'Guaman' of that study would anthroponym history of 'Huaman'. The word 'Chumu' is not registered in an autonomous manner in any document or historical chronicle, nor on any list, grammar or dictionary of rune-similar language, called "Quechua." In detailed studies of Fernando de la Carrera on the Aboriginal language of the Chimu, which he called 'yunga', also recorded similar term or similar (1939 [1644]). Regardless of the substrate language precede the registration of the word 'Chumu' by anonymous chronicler, it was obviously taken from one of the aboriginal languages \u200b\u200band recorded on a standard English spelling. Cerron-Palomino notes that Fernando de la Carrera identified as a spelling / u / that yet represented by the phoneme (ae), then prayed in their documentation rewrites the voices in the book appear as Carrera (e) under the spelling / o / or / u / interchangeably (1995:77). Similarly, if one takes into account the criticisms that the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega on the mispronunciation of the English part of the general language of Peru we understand our hypothesis. Serve in the case of the vowels / o / and / u / the following examples: - "Do not be left in oblivion because the herb which the Indians call the English pussy and coca, which has been and is the main asset of Peru ... "(1980c: 109) .-" I think the tiger is called Uturuncu, but Acosta's father gives this name the bear, saying otoronco, according to the English corrotela, not which one is deceived ; I think his paternity "(119) .-" There are other birds that can be placed with those of prey, are very great, and the English cúntur llámanles Condor "(121). Therefore, these observations can be assumed that the word 'Chumu' is pronounced as (chumae) and was recorded by some as / chumu / and by others as / Chumo / to be in the latter form, as shown in the examples above trend. Added to that, both terms will be merged into a single word, since, unlike the English use, it was not a mother and a father's surname, but would like the name of a single chief and his descendants: 'Huamanchumo'.
Other points of departure.
The mere reading of the chronicles about the discovery of America is motivating to venture into the land of the proper names of pre-Hispanic surnames, however, would still investigate feat required between the not so old records of Chinese and Japanese immigrants, for example, or to undertake field research among the unwritten languages \u200b\u200bthat still survive in the Amazon regions of our country. To the extent we know the nature plurilinguistic hiding behind so many Peruvians names - such as the name discussed in this article - we aim for a national identity based on the reaffirmation of the multicultural as an essential part of 'the Peru '. BIBLIOGRAPHY
ACOSTA, Father Joseph deHistoria Natural y Moral de las Indias. Mexico: Buenos Aires, 1962.
Betanzos, Juan Desum and Narration of the Inkas / 1551. Madrid: Atlas, 1987. HAIR
Valboa, Antarctica Miguel.Miscelánea 1586. Lima: Ed Institute of Ethnology, 1951.
CHARLES II, King donRecopilación of Laws of the Kingdoms of the Indies. Volume II. [Collection of Laws of the Kingdoms of the Indies, I printed and published by the Catholic majesty King Charles II. Our Lord. Madrid, 1791]. Madrid: Council of Hispanidad, 1943.
Carrera, Fernando de Lael Yunga language arts / 1644. Tucumán: Radames Altieri, 1939.
CERRON PALOMINO, Rodolfo.La Naimlap language. Lima: FE PUCP. 1995
Cieza de Leon, Pedro.La Chronicle of Peru. In: Chronicles of America, 4. Manuel Ballesteros (Ed.). Madrid: History 16, 1985. DAVILA
HERRERA, Mochicas Carlos.Presencia and Effective. In: Journal El Peruano. Section "Tribuna Libre '. 05. Set. 2001.
DE LA VEGA, Garcilaso.Comentarios Inca Royal Inca. Volumes I, II, III. Lima: Ed.Universo, 1980. KAUFMANN
Doig, Federico.El Ancient Peru. In: General History of the Peruvians - Volume I. Lima: Peisa, 1979.
LAFAYE, Jaques.Los conquerors. Figures and writings. Mexico DF: FCE, 1999.
MAYER, Eugen F.Chan-chan. Vorspanische Stadt in Nordperu. München: CH Beck Verlag, 1982.
Middendorf, Ernst W. "Muchik" (Translation of the Cap. III Einheimische Die Sprachen Perus.) Lima: yes, 1959. SARMIENTO DE GAMBOA
, Pedro.Historia of the Incas. XVI century. Buenos Aires: Emecé Publishers, 1942.
According to testimony gathered by anthropologist Carlos Dávila Herrera Mochica language still spoken in Eten in the first decades of the twentieth century "looked like a Chinese" is why some believe in the influence of the Chinese languages \u200b\u200bin certain anthroponyms of the northern coast of Peru: Xailón, Jaylon, Ayllón, Suyono or Zu-Yon. (2001 )--------------------------- Published in Journal of Culture Sieteculebras Andina, Cusco, 18, July-September 2004:36-39 Posted by Ofelia
Huamanchumo of Cuba
